Introduction: Chorioactis Geaster (Devil’s Cigar)
In a groundbreaking achievement, researchers at a private institute in Kiryu City, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, have successfully cultivated Chorioactis geaster, commonly known as the Devil’s Cigar in the United States and Kirinomitake in Japan. This rare and endangered mushroom species, previously only found in limited regions of Texas, Oklahoma (U.S.), and select prefectures in Japan, has now been artificially cultivated—potentially aiding in the preservation of endangered mushrooms worldwide.
About Chorioactis Geaster
Chorioactis geaster is a rare mushroom species known for its unusual appearance and unique distribution. It is found only in cedar elms in Texas and Oklahoma and on the dead oaks of Japan. The mushroom’s dark, cigar-like fruiting body splits open in a striking star-like formation, making it visually distinct.
Despite its inedible nature, Chorioactis geaster plays an essential role in forest ecosystems by breaking down dead wood, contributing to nutrient cycling. The success of its cultivation marks a major step in fungal biodiversity conservation efforts.
Successful Artificial Cultivation in Japan
The Japan Mushroom Research Institute (JMRI) has been working for over a decade to develop a method for cultivating Kirinomitake. According to Takeshi Nakazawa, a 74-year-old advisor to the institute, the project has been challenging due to the mushroom’s unique growth requirements. After inoculating logs with the Chorioactis geaster fungus in 2011 and patiently waiting, the team saw success in 2017 when mushrooms finally fruited. Since then, the mushrooms have been observed yearly.
Nakazawa emphasized the need for mushroom conservation, noting that Chorioactis is one of 61 endangered mushroom species threatened by deforestation and habitat loss. While DNA preservation efforts have been underway, Nakazawa believes that living preservation through cultivation is key to protecting these species for the future.
The Legacy of Mushroom Cultivation in Japan
The institute’s work builds on a long history of mushroom cultivation in Japan, starting with the institute’s founder, Kisaku Mori (1908-1977). Mori was instrumental in developing the world’s first shiitake cultivation techniques, inspired by the sight of poor farmers attempting to grow mushrooms in Oita Prefecture during the 1930s. Mori’s work revolutionized mushroom farming and laid the foundation for modern mushroom cultivation technologies.
Nakazawa and his team are committed to continuing Mori’s legacy, prioritizing conservation and sustainability over commercial interests. Their success with Kirinomitake represents only the beginning of what they hope will be a broader effort to cultivate and protect endangered fungal species.
Conclusion: The Future of Fungal Conservation
The successful cultivation of Chorioactis geaster is a milestone in the effort to preserve endangered fungi. As deforestation and climate change continue to threaten biodiversity, the importance of conserving unique species like the Devil’s Cigar cannot be overstated. The JMRI’s achievement paves the way for future fungal conservation projects, ensuring that rare and endangered mushroom species can continue to thrive.
